Cabbuketeb



Patented J uiy 6,- 1920,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

T. LINGA.

CAREURUER.

Avsucuson ms um mm V 1,845,546. Patented July 6, 192i] anims mi? h.

TOBBJBN LINGA, DF WINTHBP HARBOR, ILLINOIS.

CABBUEETEB.

Application led Jun/e 29,

To o/ clio/n il muy confer/i lle it humm that I. 'lommns Llxoa, a subject ot the King of Xorway,.residing at Winthrop llarlror. in the county,7 of Lake and Patate ot' Illinois. have invented certain new und useful lmprovementsin Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

(lne of the. leading objects of the present invention is to provide a "aporizer or carhnreter adapted to supply two or more fuels and equipped with automatit means to shift from one to another.` such automatic means living under temperature control. preferably. the temperature of the vaporizer.

A further feature of the invention resides in subjecting the mixture of air and fuel to centrifugal action to repel the unvaporized portions of the mixture against a hot surface. preferably. one heated by the exhaust trom the engine. the construction desirablv being such that this portion of the vaporizer acts as a trap which preventsthe unvapor ized yliquid from passing on through the structure until it is completely gasified. The ait". however. is permitted to pass through the vaporizer practically unheated.

A still further characteristic of the invention resides in means for gradually switching from one fuel to another, which may he accomlilished eitherhy hand or auto uiatieally under temperature control. Con sequently. in a structure of this kind. where the `engine is started on gasolene and run. for example. on a low grade fuel. .such as kerosene. distillate. naphtha. solar oils. cte.. there is a saving of gasolene b v so constructing the device as to secure a slow. regular shifting from tinl one fuel to the other. Y *i The improved device also desirahly provides means for intrmlueing water into the mixture after complete vaporizaton of the latter so that. in changing into steam in the engiml cylinder; the latent heat will he employed for cooling the engine.

'heim'the engine is throttled down and running?hvithout load. it docs not require the supjll'v of water. in fact..i t needs thc heat delvtloped by the compression to favor the igl it on and in my improved construction thy( `wuter-supply is automatically cut ofi' hy tason of the fact that the suction of the engiine is reduced. In the preferred emhodimemtof the invention, the water nozzle is ahovethe water-supply level a sullicicnt Imount as to require a certain suction to specification of Letter'rmnt.

Patented July 6,1920.

1918. Serial R0. 106,575.

effect its injection into the mixture, and when such suction or partial vacuum is reduced on the throttling down of the engine, as referred to, it is insufficient to supply the water but the suction is enough, however. under ordinary running unthrottled conditions toinject a definite percentage ofy water into the mlxture.

Furthermore, owing to the difference in specific gravity, viscosity, or sluggishness of t e two fuels 1n action, in this novel device, the level of kerosene or other low-grade fuel is maintained slight] higher than that of the gasolene so as to offset this difference in their inherent characteristics.

The vaporizer is also conveniently constructed so that as the throttle approaches its closed )osition there is an automatic increase in t e percentage of gasolene fed and a corresponding automatic decrease in the amount of kerosene or other heavier fuel.

The improved construction is so made that a single nozzle adjusts the feed for both fuels. and the proportion of the two fuels during the normal running of the engine can he fixed: that is to it is not necessary to run on either fuel alone, but a definite fixed proportion hetwcen the two can be maintained. `if desired.

These constitute some of the principal and salient features of the invention. but other novel advantages from the employment of' this invention in a device of this character will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention given below which should he taken in connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating such structure. and throughout the various views of which like reference characters refer to the same parts.'

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevation of the vaporizer or cai-hureter:

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of the fuelcontrolling valve-operating mechanism:

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lower portion or howl of the structure constituting the fuel and 'water reservoirs or compartments;

Fig.l 4 is a vertical section on line of 3;

Figi?, is a central vertical section through the appliance:

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on line (-G of Fig. i5. and

Fig. 'dis a horizontal section or. line 7--7 of Fig. 5 illustrating the circular thermostat and its cooperation with the fuel valves.

Referring tothe drawings, it will be clear that the lower portion of the structure comprises a bowl 10 divided by three radiating walls 11, 12, and 13, (Fig, 3), and a cooperating centrally-disposed circulan. upstandiug-Wall 14 into three compartments or chambers 15, 16, and 17, of which the chamber 15 is adapted to contain a supply of kerosene, the receptacle 16 to ho a charge of water, and the compartment 17 to accommodate a supply of gasolene or other suitable liquid fuel.

As is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, the bowl inside of the rim 14`has a central passage 1B extended upwardly therethrough. Centrally arranged in such assage, an apertured boss 19 is located, orming part of a bracket 20 cast integral with the bowl-structure and rejecting inwardly from the inner face of t e circular rim 14. A pine 21 is screwed into the lower portion of t e aperture of boss 19 and on its lower end there is threaded an air intake member 22 open at 23 and provided with a centrally-threaded hub 24 screwed on the lower end of pipe 21 and 4connected to the depending flange or wall 22 by a web or plate part 25 provided with two circular concentric apertures 26 and 27. the part 25 being strengthened by a plurality of brackets 28 cast integral'with the structure. Two rin -valves 29 and 30 of dillerent weights an diameters' are adapted to rest on the part 25, closing the circular apertures 26 and 27 as illustrated in Fig. 5. A sleeve 31 surrounds the pipe or tube 21 below the boss 19 and is provided with a plurality of feet 32 adaptedV to rest on the aperturcd plate 25 and also with curved a rms 33 constituting valve guides and stops.

At its upper end the aperture through the boss 19 accommodates a fuel-nozzle 34 haiv ing a` fuel-opening 35 in its side with which opening the tapered end of a needle-valve 36 coperates, such valve being located in a horizontal cavity or passage 37 in an enlargement 38 of the wall' 13. The protrud- *ing end of valve 36 is equipped with a turning handle 39, a portion of the valve-stem being threaded at 40 and coperating with a threaded portion of the cavity 37 so that turning of the valve adjusts its needle point with reference to the fuel outlet or opening 35. As is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the valve stem projects through a packing-nut or stuffing-box construction, 40.

The floor or bottom wall of the kerosene or other relatively heavy liquid fuel chamber 15 is provided with an internally-threaded boss 41 into which a pipe 42 is threaded. the latter having on one side a discharge opening 43 as illustrated in Fig. 4. Beneath the boss 41 the bowl is fitted for the reception o a kerosene mlet pipe above winch a horizontal partition wall 45 is located, having a tapered centrally-disposed valveopening 46 with which the lower conical end of the reduced portion 47 of a valve 48 cooperates. T his valve is of substantially the same diameter as the interior of tube 42 and by its rising and falling movements is adapted to open and close the assage 43 as well as control the passage o the iquid through the valve-opening 46. A cork or 76 other similar float 49 is mounted on an arm 5U which is fulcrumed at 51 to the spaced arms 52 und 53 rising from a nut 54 screwthreaded on the upper end of pi e 42 and held in place by a set-nut 55. eyond its pivotal support the arm or lever 5U has a pair of spaced lingers 56, the ends of which are accoommodated between two spaced enlargements 57 and 58 on the upper portion of valve-rod 48. lt should be apparent from this construction that the float 49 controls the valve 46, 47, and maintains a definite level of kerosene or other similar liquid fuel in the compartment 15.

The chamber 17 is supplied with a float 59 90 controlling an inlet valve 60 governing the flow of gasolene or other relatively highlyl volatile fuel through the pipe 6l into the chamber, the construction in this instance being the same as that in connection with the kerosene compartment 15 exce t that the level of kerosene is maintained slightly higher than that of the gasolene, as illustrated by the positions of the floats .in Fig. 4, to offset Vtheir slight differences in viscosity or sluggishness in action.

The kerosene chamber wall is thickened at 62 and is vertically apertured at 63 for the accommodation of a kerosene needle valve 64 and its surrounding spring 65 bearing at 10F its lower end against a shoulder 66 on the valve. The lower conical end of the vvalve is adapted to close and establish communication between the kerosene compartment 15 and an inclined passage 67 connecting 110 the lower-portion of such compartment with the opening 35, as shown in Fig 5. In similar manner, communication between the gasolene chamber 17 and another inclined passage 68 connecting with the .aperture 115 35 and with the bottom of the chamber is governed by the action of another springpressed needle valve 69. the downward pressure of whose spring is somewhat greater than that of the corresponding kero- 12() sene valve.

A horizontal flange 70 of the vaporizer is adapted to fit over the top of the howl and is secured in place b v a plurality of screws 71, 72, 73, and 74, taking into threaded cavities 75. 76, 77, and 78, respectively` of the bowl 0r member 10. The pair of screws 73 and 74 also secure to the top of the flange 76 ie base of a bracket 79 on which a rocker 8U is fulcrumed at 81, such rocker havingI 130 below its fulerum a curved foot, one end ,S2 of which is positioned beneath a nut 83 on the kerosene valve 64, the other foot 84 being located beneath a nut 85 on the gasolene valve 6), Such rocker has a rearwardly or inwardlyy extended arm 86. (Fig. T). which projects through an opening 8T in an annular shell 88 angularly adjustably fastened to the flange T by means of a screw of associated with the flange and extending through a curved slot 90 of an ear 91 forming part of the shell or band.

A round or circular thermostat 93, composed of two bars 93 and 93", is accomniodatedA within the band or shell 88 and the two metal bars are fastened to the band near one end by a screw 92. the other ends oi' such bare being in coperative relation with the finger G. The inner bar 93 has a ,somewhat greater coefficient of expansion than the outer bar 93 so that when the thermostat is heated it tends to expand and straighten out. that is. its tree end tends to travel toward the right as the parts are viewed in Fig. T. and. in order to permit a certain degree of this Straightening action under heat the thermostat is loosely aecominodated in the yhell 88. that is to say, it does not forni ri tight lit therein.

Flange TU has integral therewith and centrally arranged with respect thereto a hollow pipe or tube 1)-1 with the opposite openings 15 and 9() in its cylindrical wall, the tube being divided into two non-communicating parts b v an inclined'baflie or divisionwall 9T. i l

,X heating member having an inner tube Slo' and an outer shell 99 provided with apertured. threaded. oppositely-disposed bosses 11N? and 101 has a bottom portion 10:2 of reduced diameter resting on the flange T0 and received inside of the thermostat, this member being held properl)Y in position by a circular part 1021 fitting in the lower open cud of tube 9H. This heating member is held down in po-ition b v a nut 104 having threaded engagement with the pipe or tube 94 and hearing against the upper end of the part :M The two bosses 10U and U11 are adapted to have pipes 1U?) and 106 screwed therein through which the heated exhaust gases from the engine are adapted to pass, and, in order that the tube 9S may be effectively heated b v such gas. it is provided with a number of out tanding circular ribs or rings IUT.

lu the upper portion of the tube 94 a throttle 10S is mounted on a shaft 109 having bearings in the tube-wall. An operating-arm 110 is angularly adjnstably mounted on the shaft and another arm 111 is fixed to the lshaft and screw 11;) adaptet'l to en' age the nut or threaded collar 104 to limit the turnin of thcshaft. This arm 111,113? means of a bent carries an adjustable stoprod 113i. constituting a tonnecting-link, is operatively associated with an arm 111 ot the rocker S0. the rod extending downwardly through an aperture 115 of the arm and having mounted thereon an adjustable abutment 116 which may be held frictionallv in position and adjusted lengthwise the ro( The springs 35 surrounding the kerosene and gasolene valves nl and (Si) respectively, bear at their upper ends against the bottoni face of the base of bracket T9, and, as has been indicated, they are ot somewhat diierent strengths or rapacities, that is to sa the spring for the gasolene valve is slight y Stronger than that of the kerosene valve, and, consequently holds the arm 86 in engagement with the ehd of the thermostat and tends to close the gasolene supply and open the kerosene suppiy.

ln order to adjust the relative percentages of the two fuels in the normal operation o the vaporizer. I provide the bracket 79 with a plurality of holes into any one of which a stop screw 11T may be placed projecting sutliciently through the bracket or coperation with the pointer or arm 118 of the rocker.

The water compartment or chamber 16 is provided with an inlet valve 119 controlled by a cork tioat 12H, which parts in construetion are substantially iike the corresponding instrumentalitics associated with the receptacles 15 and 1T. The rib 12 has an inclined enlargement 121 with a central passage 1:22 in communication near its lower end through aperture 121 with the water chamber 16 and receiving a needle valve 123 cti-acting with the smaller nozzle 124 which communicates with and is in register with an opening 125. (Fig. 5). through the boss 1113 outside of the baille wall 9T. The protruding end of such water valve '123 is supplied with an aetuating-handle 126, e. portion of the valve being threaded and eoaeting with a threaded part 12T ot the passage 122. the valve extending through a stlltlin box .construction 128, as will be readiy understood. It will be apparent, therefore, that the nozzle or outlet 125 of this water chamber is' located some distance above the level of the water in chamber 16, whirh. of course. means that a delinite degree of suction or vacuum must be exerted at the nozzle before the stream of water will be lifted and discharged through the passage into the mixture of gases.

Operation: The operation of this appliance is practically as follows:

Let us assume that the compartment 17 has its supply of gasolene or other similaifuel maintained at the proper level by the float control 59. that the chamber 15 has a similar supply of kerosene or other heavier fuel maintained at a higher level by its float 49, that the reservoir licontains abody of water kept at the predetermined height by its float control, that the vaporizer is cold, and that it is desired to start the internal combustion engine with which the appliance is associated. Let it be further understood that the engine is to start on gasolene alone, and. under normal. running;r to operate on kerosene solely, with, of course, the asso ciated water. Under this cold inoperative condition of the vaporizer, owing to the greater strength of the spring associated with the gasolene valve 69. and, since the thermostat is cold and contracted. the valve ti will be in open position by reason of the engagement of the thermostat with the arm HG of the rocker, the kerosene valve G4 will be closed. and the rocker toot will be in a correspoiulingl)F inclined position. Stated ibfl'erently, owing to the unbalanced action ot' the springsv associated with the two valves 64 and 69, the spring o' the latter tends to close the gasoleue valve but is prevented from doing so by the thermostat which holds the rocker in such inclined position that the gasolene valve will be open and the kerosene valve closed.

When the throttle 108 and the needle valve :lo are open and the engine with which the vaporizer is associated started, the air passing upwardly through the tube Q1 entrains a certain amount of gasolene, extra air entering the device through the passages 2li and 2T or possibly7 the passage E2G alone. depending upon the degree of suction exerted. The mixed air and gasolene enter the tube Jl below the inclined division-wall or baille-plate 9T and pass ont through the hole 9G into the space between the tube Sil and the ini-losing tube Utl. This mixture passes part wa)r around the tube 94, enters the tube again through the opening 95 above the baille-plate, and passes on upwardly past the throttle to the engine. lVe may also assume that the valve l2?. open and. whether or not an)Y water is discharged through the nozzle 125 and heroines admised with the mixture above the battle-plate will depend upon the degree of suction or vacuum exerted. The exhaust from the en Iine passing through the pipes 105 and 10G gradually l1 lats the tube 98 and also the thermostat lill. causingr a gradual straight coin;r ot' the latter which results in a rockingIr of the member oli in a clockwise direction under the action ol' the stronger gasolene spring gradually shuttingV olf wholljiY or in part the feed ol gasolene to the mixture and slowly and regularly increasing the supply of kerosene or other similar 'fuel in the compartment l5 lo tlul valve opening $35. l'nder normal running of the engine, the parts may he so adjusted that the gast lenc will bc entirely cut oil' and lbfl engine run solely on kerosene. By limiting the movement of the rocker l). by the introduction ot the screw 117 into one ot the holes of the bracket T9, predetermined perceiitages ot combined gasolene and kerosene may be fed to the engine under ordinary runnin; r conditions. That is to say, the presente ot' such stop screw limits the closingr of the gasolene valve and.` consequently. the cr:- tent of opening ol the kerosene valve.

1t should be noticed that the mixture in passing out through the opening {ll} and through the curved space between the pipe l?? and the casing 98, and then into the opening:r 95 rcpels the liquid particles in the mixture against the heated inner surface ot` the wall 98 under the action ot' centrifugal force, and that this construction acts sonicwhat as a trapto prevent such liquid particles from passing;r on with the mixture until theyY are completely vaporized. The air, ot course, takes an inner course, being ot' less f lensi'tlv than the liquid particles and it is not so much subjected to the action ot the heat of shell 9H. a

lt should be observed also that the stream ot water discharged through the nozzle 125 does not pass through the passage between the parts 9G and and is not subjected to the heat ofthe latter, but becomes ad- Inixed with the gaseous mixture after the latter again enters pipe 94 above the baille wall or partition 97. The introduction of this Water into the engine keeps the coinpression temperature down by reason ot the latent heat absorbed by the wate' as it becomes changed into steam The presence ot' this water also maintains the temperature in the engine at a point below that at which kerosene or similaituel is likely to pre ignite. ln addition,` it also keeps the temperaturc below that at which the kerosene would decompose and tend to deposit earbon. Furthermor 5. the Water vapor or steam combines with the carbon or hydroacarbons of the mixture to produce certain combusti ble gases which would not be present il' air alone were used. lVlien, however, the engine is throttled down and running without load, it requires the heat of the fue] to maintain a proper temperature for ignition.` and the presence of Water under such cil-cunistanccs would be detrimental.V The construetion of the device is such that the nozzle 1525 is located above the water level in com partaient 'lo a sufficient distance so that the vater will be discharged into the mixture only when the throttle is opened a substantial anionnt.y and when it is closed u lore than this. the suction exerted on the water is insulin-lent to raise a column for discharge through the nozzle into thel mixture. This result is accomplished, as will be appreciated, by locating the discharge nozzle il or 1253 a distance above the level of the water in chamber 1G. v

In some cases, as the throttle is closed it is desirable to increase the more or less,

and this 1s elected percentage of gasolene, in the device described by the connection 113, which opens the gasolene valve and closes the kerosene valve somewhat as the throttle approaches its closed position. This. of course, is effected automatically hy reason of the structural elements employed and their interconnection with one another, as has been explained. Such movement 'of the rocker and the associated valves is effected against the action of the valve springs and may move the arm 86 of the rocker away from the end of the thermostat.

When the throttle is closed stopped the vaporizer, of course, cools, the thermostat contracts, and the gasolene and kerosene control valvesautomatically as sume their original positions under the influence of the thermostat acting in opposition to the valve springs. That is to say, the gasolene valve will be opened and the kerosene valve closed. y By this arrangement of structural elements, the usual priming and switching is avoided and the amount of gasolene required for starting the engineis reduced to a minimum because of the almost immediate commencement of closing of the gaso lene needle valve and the simultaneous opel in of the heavier fuel needle valve. It should be observed that the tivo valves 64 and G9 merely determine the proportions of the tivo ingredients and that the fuel ad justment is effected solely by the fuel needle valve 36 which, of course, controls the passage of the mixture to the vaporizer.

Attention is also summoned to the tact that this vaporizer or carbureter operates on the principle of separating all of the liquid fuel particles from the air and subjecting them to a high degree of heat by reason of their contact with the heated wall 98, the air, however, being permitted to pass through the vaporizer largely uuheated.

The above descri tion of the automatic regulating of the Feed of water is hased upon the assumption that the vapor-leer is associated with an engine the governingr of which isretl'ected by throttling. T he vaporizer is equally automatic and elfective in operation when connected to an ene-ine controlled on the hit and miss plan. When such an engine is running idle the suction exerted corresponding to the intake of each explosive charge is of the normal force or amount. and,fof course, there is no suction on the vapoprizer for the omitted explosions. The device could` therefore, automatically reduce the amount Yof water ted to cach charge and the amount fed should he proportioned to the frequenc of the explosions. This is automatica y accomplished 6Min' this improved appliance.

and the engine Referring to lf'lg. 5. it will be clear th there is u certain volume or chamber in t vvater passagebctween valve 12S and no i255 which may equal or exceed the amount of water the mixture should receive for cach charge when the engine is running at full load. l`nder such full load there only a slight leakage past valve hill n the water chamber lil so that each mi charge will receive its full quota of it'. however. the engine is running idh` infrequent explosions and many cnt-c much greater return of such watcr pa, valve occurs so that each explosive misti c char'e will receive a lesser amount of watn which. of course. is what is desired un ci auch circumstances. Forintermediateltr` the amount of Water fed will he propern tioned to the load for the reason indiVY cated. Stated differently. the construction is of thc nature of a suction pump with a leaky check-v'alve,'t.he efficiently of which pump increases with the frequency o its strokes` that is, the frequency of the crplosions.

'hile l have herein set forth in d" iii om desirable embodiment of the inv y it is to he understood that the invention not limited and restricted to the precise and exact structural features presented. hec: e many minor mechanical changes man; made in the structure 'without doper from thc invention and without the wie tice of any of its substantial hcncfs. und advantages.

I claim:

l. carburetor of the character lic scribed.. including in combination` compact ments for a plurality of fuels oi' didi 'L specific gravities connected hy separate sages to a nozzle communicating' with the mixing chamber of the carhureter, au nth justable needle-valve for said nozzle. loatcontrolled.` valves preserviimv predetermined liquid fuel levels in said compartments. valves controlling said passages hcwecn said compartments and nozzle. .uniting means associated with said passage vul-.cs controlling the flow ratio ot the fuels from said compartments to the mixing chamber through the nozzle, a throttle. and means connecting said throttle and uniting; nica '1 whereby the fuel ratio delivered to i nozzle may he determined hy thi ption of the throttle. substantially as dcscri! A' i?. carburetor ol' the charactcf described. including in combination. rempart ments for a plurality of fuels oi ditlernnt specific gravities connected by separate l ssages to a nozzle communicating nula the A valves controlling said passages betuigen said mmpm'tmvnts :1nd nozzle, uniting mums asuviateil with suil passage valves mntrulling the Him' :Miu of the fuels from wie! velmpnllnvnt tu tlul mixing! vlmmbel' through the nofzlv. :1 tlel'mustnt associated wili :nul :ulnptvel tu urinate Suid uniting mmm" :l flamme, mail menus wmwc'ing said tlu'mtle :mil uniting nii-uns whereby the fuel ratio delivered to the nozzle may be determined by tlwpusition u? the throttle, 10 subtzzntially ab' described.

TORBJOHX LINGA.

W itmssvs:

(immun L. FQSSLAND, WALTER C. REPKOW, 

